Because probation departments rely on random testing, for the obvious reason of preventing the probationer from flushing their systems or falsifying a sample ahead of time, a breath test is often used for alcohol and urine or saliva tests for drugs.
These forms of testing are designed to take the person tested by surprise, and they provide same-day results. Overall, urine testing is the most widely used form of testing across the spectrum of probation departments because most drugs can be detected in a urine sample.
To detect drug usage over a longer period of time, one to three months back, a probation officer often relies on a hair-follicle test. It is the most recently developed and most infallible of all drug-test types. It is, essentially, the hardest test for a drug user to beat. A medical review officer must also assess the drug test. Hair testing reveals metabolites in the bloodstream from the ingestion of drugs. A follicle must be more than 5 to 7 days old for these metabolites to remain intact enough for accurate testing.
In addition, individuals convicted of a DUI or DWI may be required to submit to court-ordered drug and alcohol testing. Tests vary depending on the regulations of each state or county.
In the case of probation, the probation officer may decide how often to drug test an individual based on the history of that person to maintain sober. Some of the most commonly abused drugs are THC the main cannabinoid in marijuana , cocaine, PCP , opiates including codeine, morphine, and heroin , and amphetamines including methamphetamine and ecstasy.
They make up the basic 5-panel drug test, the test most frequently used by government entities, including DOT. What kind of drug tests do courts use if not the 5-panel? They might use the 7-panel drug test, which also tests for barbiturates and benzodiazepines. Or they could use a panel, which adds on benzodiazepines and barbiturates as well as methadone, propoxyphene, and Quaaludes. To learn more about the different panels available, check out this previous blog post.
Although most courts stick with these standard panels, drug tests are fully customizable. Depending on the specifics of the situation, a court may wish to test for a drug not included in a standard panel. In addition, some screenings look for codeine and morphine as opiates.
It is rare for courts and probation officers to order a hair follicle test. Typically, this method is only ordered to see past drug use. A hair test can show drug use up to three months prior to the test. Samples are tested using a two-step method to ensure accuracy. During the test, the administrator will remove a small sample of hair from close to the scalp.
It is then sent to a laboratory for overnight testing. This is another method that is not usually ordered but it can happen. This test can screen for as many drugs as the urine test. Blood tests can actually detect the parent drug instead of just metabolites. This test procedure is just like any other blood test.
A needle is used to extract the sample from a vein. If you are ordered to take a random drug test and they come back positive for drugs you can be charged with violation of probation.
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